Types of orthodontics

Contents

 1 types of orthodontics

 1.1 Fixed devices

 1.1.1 Dental braces

 1.1.2 Distance savers

 1.2 Animated orthodontics 

 1.2.1 Aligners 

 1.2.2 Head gear or head harness

 1.2.3 Other types

1.3 Functional devices

1.4 Retainers

 2 Why is orthodontics used?

 Types of orthodontics

 The following is a description of the types of fixed and mobile orthodontics (in English: Orthodontics).

 fixed devices 

 Fixed orthodontic appliances are commonly used in the world of dentistry, especially when accuracy in orthodontics is very important, and orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances usually lasts for a period ranging from 6-30 months, depending on several The most important factors:

The severity of the problem to be evaluated, and the possibility of applying the proposed orthodontic treatment, and when using this calendar, the person can eat normally during the treatment period, with the need to avoid eating sticky or sticky foods such as gum and hard candy, in addition to avoiding soft drinks, and it should be noted the importance of informing the doctor Orthodontist if the person concerned participates in sports that include contact and physical contact, in order to obtain a special protective cover to protect the gums, and most patients need to visit the dentist’s office regularly every eight weeks usually to adjust and adjust the device.

 The following are the most important examples of fixed orthodontic appliances:

dental braces

 Orthodontic means and devices that contain wires are known as dental braces (in English: dental braces), and are used to correct the arrangement of crowded and irregular teeth, and to control the course of the deviated jaw. Beautiful, and although the use of dental braces takes place during the early teenage years in many cases, adults can use and benefit from braces as well, and it is worth noting that the modern materials and techniques used in orthodontic braces contributed to making this treatment experience more comfortable than before, It is indicated that there are types of orthodontic braces that differ among themselves with a set of advantages and disadvantages, and based on these differences, the most appropriate and best treatment option for each person is determined.

 The following is an explanation of the types of dental abutments:

Metal or traditional props:

 Metal or traditional braces (English: Metal or Traditional braces) are one of the common types of braces in use to this day. This type is highly effective, despite the fact that it is the least expensive. Traditional braces are mainly made of metal; Where it is in the form of a bracket or bracket (English: Brackets) connected to the front part of the teeth, or it may be in the form of bands or belts (English: Bands) surrounding each tooth, in addition to flexible metal wires or arched wires that fix brackets or tapes together, Some types of traditional braces may contain rubber bands or metal restraints that secure the brackets and wires together, which increases pressure on the teeth to straighten and change their arrangement. In fact, traditional braces are the most striking type. It can be noticed easily and may cause concern for the concerned people, but it can be made more attractive by using different colored tapes. It should be noted that the orthodontist may ask the patient to use an additional mobile device that can be easily put on and taken off called headgear. During the night to add more pressure on the teeth.

 ceramic props:

Ceramic braces are similar to the shape and size of traditional braces, but they are made of a ceramic material that matches the color of the teeth, making them not eye-catching and not easy to notice, so they may be a suitable and convenient alternative to traditional braces for some individuals It is worth noting that the effectiveness of ceramic props is comparable to the effectiveness of traditional props in moving the teeth to the required places. As for the defects of this type, they are expensive compared to traditional props, and the possibility of changing their color and the appearance of stains on them in the event that their cleanliness is not taken care of properly.

Posterior or lingual props:

The back or lingual braces (in English: Lingual braces) are made of metal, and they differ from the traditional braces in that they are installed on the inner side of the teeth, and thus they are hidden and cannot be easily seen by others, but on the other hand there are some drawbacks to this type and they are difficult to clean compared to traditional braces, It may be annoying and uncomfortable because it touches the tongue directly, and it is also less effective in orthodontics and takes longer to reach the desired goal compared to traditional braces.

 Self-tie props:

 Self-ligating braces are very similar in form to traditional braces, but they are characterized by the use of clips (English: Clips) instead of rubber bands to fix the wires of the props, and self-ligating braces are as effective as traditional props In addition to the possibility of better control of the orthodontic device, which leads to more accurate results, and in fact, the self-ligating braces reduce the friction between the teeth and the braces, and it is also easy to maintain the cleanliness of the teeth and braces as well, but it should be noted that these braces can be observed and seen By others, it is also often very expensive.

Self-tie props:

Self-ligating braces are very similar in form to traditional braces, but they are characterized by the use of clips (English: Clips) instead of rubber bands to fix the wires of the props, and self-ligating braces are as effective as traditional props In addition to the possibility of better control of the orthodontic device, which leads to more accurate results, and in fact, the self-ligating braces reduce the friction between the teeth and the braces, and it is also easy to maintain the cleanliness of the teeth and braces as well, but it should be noted that these braces can be observed and seen By others, it is also often very expensive.

distance savers

 Space maintainers are used as a type of orthodontic device for children, as they contribute to dealing with cases of early tooth loss in a proper manner; As it ensures that the permanent teeth do not come out in the space resulting from the premature loss of primary teeth, and in general, the distance retainers can be divided into the following types:

 Single-sided fixed devices:

These devices maintain the space on one side of the mouth only, and common examples include the following: One from the mouth in order to maintain the distance when the primary deciduous molars are lost prematurely, or after the appearance of the permanent primary molars; That is, by the age of about six or seven, the device is usually placed so that the tape adheres to the existing deciduous molar, while the ring touches the distal surface of the deciduous canine.

 Brutal Adjuster Spacer Keepers:

Distal shoes space maintainers are placed on one side of the mouth in order to maintain the space after the loss of the second deciduous molar and before the appearance of the permanent primary molar around the age of six or seven. In fact, this device contains a stainless steel wire Able to handle only one tooth, and usually extends over the site of the primary permanent molar that is not prominent to guide it to its appropriate place of growth.

 Two-sided fixed devices:

 These devices maintain the space in the sides of the mouth, and include the following common examples: The arch of the palate: The arch of the palate (English: Transpalatal Arch) contains a thin 36-millimeter wire that extends over the roof of the mouth or the palate, and aims to preserve the space resulting from tooth loss in the mouth. Both sides of the upper jaw, by connecting the primary molars on both sides together, and this helps the permanent molars to erupt or appear correctly in the upper jaw.

 Lingual fixation bracket:

 The Lingual Holding Arch helps to create a space in the lower jaw or upper jaw, with the aim of guiding the two permanent primary molars to appear in the right place, by connecting two of the primary molars in the upper jaw or lower jaw.

arc nans:

The Nance Arch (English: Nance Arch) contains an acrylic button that can rest only in the upper dental arch. In fact, the Nance arch contributes to maintaining the total length of the dental arch, and prevents the deviation of permanent molars from their natural position.

Animated orthodontics 

Animated orthodontics s are used to treat minor dental problems, or may be part of treatment with fixed braces, and may sometimes be used to prevent children from the habit of thumb sucking, although they are considered mobile devices; However, it is not correct to remove them except in some cases, the most important of which are; To clean the teeth, and to prevent injuries when doing some activities such as; Cycling, or playing some instruments that require winding.

Aligners

 Aligners are transparent and thin molds made of plastic-like materials, and these molds are made for each patient individually so that they fit his teeth perfectly, and a group of straighteners is usually equipped with the aim of moving the teeth gradually, so that each regulator is placed for two to three weeks, The number of regulators used depends on the difficulty of the problem of deviation in the teeth of the individual and the mechanism of correcting it. It is worth noting that the teeth are moved by a small amount estimated by parts of a millimeter during the period of using a single mold,

 One of the advantages of straightening regulators is that it cannot be easily noticed by others, and therefore it is a good alternative for adults to fixed props. It is indicated that the responsibility for placing and removing straightening regulators during the day rests with the patient; They should be removed when eating, brushing or flossing teeth only.

 Headgear or head strap

 An orthodontic headgear, or as it is sometimes called an additional or external mouth device, is often used in conjunction with fixed supports; Where the braces are concerned with correcting the positions of the teeth, while the head gear that is worn on the head is usually concerned with changing the straightness of the jaw and correcting malocclusion, and although the use of the head gear at the present time is much less than in the past, scientific studies have proven its excellence and effectiveness in treating some types of malocclusion. The occlusal, and it should be noted that the head gear may be used in some cases to move the teeth, especially the molars, and is more effective when used in children and adolescents; As the jaw during these stages is still in the process of development and is easy to influence, and if the gear is used for adults, it is usually with the aim of correcting the positions of the teeth that moved after extracting other teeth,

 Most often, the head gear contains the following parts:

 Face bracket or J hook:

 The facial arch is connected from the inside by bands located on the upper and lower molars, and extends outside the mouth to wrap around the face.

 head cap:

 The hood consists of ties and straps that securely and comfortably hold the face bow on the head. Attachments: Accessories can include elastic straps, rubber bands, hooks, or metal coils that hold the facial arch and hood together in such a way as to generate additional pressure on the orthodontic to move the upper teeth and jaw backward in one line.

Other types

 The following are other types of removable orthoses:

 Lip and cheek bumpers:

Lip and cheek bumpers mainly consist of a wire partially covered with plastic that encircles the front end of the teeth, specifically the lower part of them. This device is very effective if it is used before the loss of the milk teeth; As it prevents the permanent molars from moving forward when the milk teeth are lost and the permanent teeth appear, by removing the pressure on the teeth from the lip and cheek during speaking, laughing, or smiling, it also increases the breadth and width of the arch of the lower jaw.

 Palate expander:

The palate expander or palatal expander provides additional space in the child's mouth, by gradually expanding the upper jaw, and the palate expander is specially manufactured for each person concerned so that it fits several upper teeth in the back of the mouth, and the device consists of two halves that connect them Screw from the middle, and the process of activating the device is to rotate the screw a little using a special key daily, and this leads to the generation of a tensile force at the point of contact of the two palate bones, which causes them to move away from each other gradually, and usually the device is left as it is for a few months more when the required expansion is reached, This is in order to stabilize the expansion and allow new bone to grow in the resulting gap, and the period of use of the entire device ranges between three to six months.

splints:

 Splints, or as they are also called jaw repositioning appliances, help close the jaw properly, and can be used on the upper jaw or lower jaw, and it is worth noting that it is commonly used with temporomandibular joint disorder. This disorder is characterized by a feeling of pain and an imbalance in the function of the muscles responsible for moving the jaw.

 Removable partial denture:

 A removable partial denture or removable partial denture helps to preserve the space resulting from premature loss of milk teeth, and is important in the event of the loss of more than one tooth on both sides of the mouth. With regard to the front teeth, this device resembles a lingual arch in shape in addition to the presence of artificial teeth on it, and after the child reaches puberty, the device can be used or replaced with dental implants.

Functional devices

 Functional devices are a pair of mobile plastic devices, which are used to improve the way teeth bite or bite together, and to treat problems associated with the sites of the upper and lower jaw and teeth, through the use of maxillofacial muscles, and these devices are usually used before fixed devices, in order to reduce the differences And the conflicts between the upper and lower jaws and the teeth, and depends in its work on the natural growth potential of the patient, and therefore the functional devices are more effective in individuals during the stages of tooth growth, and therefore they are not used in adults, and the instructions of the orthodontist must be adhered to on how to place the device and the appropriate times So; As not using it and placing it correctly leads to the failure of treatment, and usually most people need to put it in the mouth at all times, while it must be removed when eating and brushing teeth.

Retainers

 Retainers are used in the last stage of the therapeutic orthodontic stage, with the aim of fixing the teeth that have been modified in their new position, while the gums and the bones surrounding these teeth adapt to the new situation; As the new position of the teeth needs a period ranging from four to six months at least to become permanent and stable, and in the meantime the teeth are trying to move and return to the old position, which is known as relapse, and the use of retainers according to the doctor’s instructions prevents the occurrence of relapse, It should be noted that there are two types

Two main installers are:

Permanent and movable anchors

Usually, the orthodontist chooses the most appropriate type for each patient based on the desired orthodontic benefits, and the conditions that the person concerned may go through, and accordingly the patient may use one of them, or the mobile retainer may be used for the upper teeth while a permanent retainer is placed for the lower teeth, and the following

 An explanation of the difference between the two types:

Permanent fixings:

 In the case of using a permanent retainer, a wire is attached to the back of the teeth to remain stable at all times. The permanent retainer is a good option for those whose orthodontic treatment is a bit difficult and arduous and needs additional guarantee until the teeth are stabilized in their new locations, and the specialist doctor chooses one of the types Wire retainers are among a range of types available based on the patient's bite condition and dental alignment, as well as the patient's comfort priority.

Moving stabilizers:

The removable retainer is used during the treatment times determined by the doctor and for several months, and usually includes treatment times throughout the day and night, and may even reach during sleep as well, and this type of retaining affects the teeth only when placed, and it is worth noting that the patient must remove it during eating, brushing teeth, and other times as determined by the doctor,

The following is a description of the main categories of movable stabilizers:

Hawley retainer:

 This type consists of a plastic structure that covers the roof of the mouth, and a wire that extends over the front of the teeth. One of the features of this type is that it lasts for long periods, is easy to care for, and is adjustable; The dentist can make minor changes to the straightness of the teeth after using the abutments, and the Hawley retainer is available in several shapes and patterns to give the patient some fun while decorating his smile.

Essix retainer

 Known among the people as the transparent orthodontic retainer, this type of transparent plastic is designed and shaped so that it fits the patient's teeth perfectly to maintain their straightness, and this type is common among the retainers because it is not easily noticed by others, but on the other hand there are some disadvantages related to it, and includes:

 Difficulty cleaning it, the possibility of retaining fluids, the inability to touch the teeth naturally, and the speed of its erosion and damage.

 Why is orthodontics used?

The use of orthodontics is concerned with the treatment of malocclusion cases in individuals, and malocclusion is the instability of the teeth in their correct place when the mouth is closed, which results in an improper bite or improper occlusion in the individual, and is often the goal of orthodontics It is to improve oral function, but it may be with the aim of beautifying the shape of the teeth and improving the appearance of the individual as well.